Final answer:
The occipital lobe is the part of the brain most likely to be affected by an injury at the back of the head, and it is responsible for vision. The temporal lobe processes information about sounds. Rods and cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina involved in vision.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a patient has an injury at the back of the head, the specific part of the brain that is most likely to be affected is the occipital lobe. The occipital lobe is located at the rear end of the skull and is primarily responsible for vision. It is involved in seeing, recognizing, and identifying the visual world. Damage to this area would most likely result in visual disturbances or loss of visual capability. In the case of your question about the patient, the correct answer would be B) Occipital.
Regarding your second question about the lobe of the brain responsible for processing information about sounds, the answer is D) Temporal. The temporal lobe is located at the base of the brain and is chiefly involved in processing and interpreting sounds. This is also where the hippocampus resides, which is critical for memory formation.
Lastly, to address the query about rods and cones in the retina, these are photoreceptor cells crucial for vision. The rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision), whereas the cones are active at higher light levels (photopic vision) and are capable of color vision and finer detail discrimination.