The organizational function tasked with technical and database management, especially pertinent to GIS systems, is known as database administration (option B).
The special organizational function responsible for the technical and operational aspects of managing data, including physical database design and maintenance, is called database administration (B). This role is crucial for handling the extensive and complex data associated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which is used to store, retrieve, and display information about the earth in the form of specialized maps.
Over the past decade, GIS has transformed cartography, with nearly all cartographic tasks being facilitated by GIS software. These technologies are vital for urban planning and analyzing patterns within social and physical sciences, making database administration a key component in managing the underlying data and ensuring its integrity and availability.