Final answer:
The effective depth of chest compressions for child CPR is approximately 2 inches or 5 cm, and high-quality chest compressions are emphasized over artificial respiration. Proper technique is essential to avoid injury, and immediate action is crucial in cases of drowning once the individual is out of the water.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effective depth of chest compressions in child cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is about 2 inches or 5 cm. This depth is crucial in manually pushing blood within the heart into the systemic and pulmonary circuits, helping to prevent irreversible brain damage due to lack of blood flow. It is important to compress at least 5 cm deep at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. The recommended rate is akin to the beat of the song "Staying Alive" by the Bee Gees. High-quality chest compressions take precedence over artificial respiration in modern CPR protocols, and CPR should continue until the patient regains a heartbeat or is declared dead by a healthcare professional.
Proper hand positioning for chest compressions is between the T4 and T9 vertebrae on the sternum to effectively circulate blood. Incorrect technique or excessive force can cause serious injuries, such as broken ribs or damage to the liver if the xiphoid process is driven into it. Therefore, proper training in CPR is vital, and certification in CPR is recommended for medical personnel and the general public, with regular refresher courses.
In cases of drowning, the first step is to remove the person from the water, as CPR is not effective while in the water. Rescuers should initiate resuscitation as soon as the individual is on stable ground, but it is critical to remember that time is of essence since brain cells can suffer irreversible damage within minutes of oxygen deprivation.