Final answer:
Organ transplantation is the last resort in cases of vital organ failure when other treatments are insufficient, with a preference for blood relatives as donors to minimize rejection. Immunosuppressants play a vital role in post-transplantation care, and innovative solutions are being developed to enhance organ viability and reduce rejection risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organ Transplantation as a Last Resort
Organ transplantation is typically considered a last resort when other medical treatments have been exhausted. This is particularly true in cases of vital organ failure, where organs like the heart, liver, kidneys, and lungs are essential for survival. Blood relatives are often preferred as organ donors because the genetic similarity reduces the risk of immune system rejection.
To further prevent rejection, immunosuppressive drugs are used post-transplant, although they come with a risk of increased infection. The future of transplantation may involve growing organs in vitro from the patient's own cells, reducing the risk of rejection. Advancements such as TransMedic's "heart in a box" aim to extend the usability period and improve the condition of transplanted hearts.