Final answer:
Treatment for uncomplicated cystitis entails the use of fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins, or a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, while alternative antibiotics should be considered in case of allergy. For complicated cystitis or during pregnancy, other safer antibiotics are chosen, and in the event of an allergy, a healthcare provider will select a suitable alternative.
Step-by-step explanation:
For uncomplicated cystitis, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins, or a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are typically prescribed. If there's an allergy to these antibiotics, other classes like macrolides or penicillins may be used, depending on resistance patterns and allergies. Pain medications are also often used to relieve symptoms such as dysuria. When it comes to treating complicated cystitis, especially in elderly patients with a higher risk of complications like sepsis or kidney infections, a more aggressive treatment approach is required, often involving broader-spectrum antibiotics and closer monitoring.
In pregnancy, antibiotics that are safe for the fetus, such as certain cephalosporins or penicillins, are recommended. If the patient is allergic, then alternatives like macrolides can be considered. It is important to choose antibiotics wisely to avoid potential side effects and resistance. Ultimately, especially in cases of cystitis during pregnancy or in complicated scenarios, collaboration with a healthcare provider is essential for proper treatment and management.