Final answer:
Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a serious gum condition that affects the periodontal membrane and cementum, potentially leading to tooth loss and requiring a combination of good oral hygiene and professional treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The extension of gingivitis into the periodontal membrane and cementum is called periodontitis. Gingivitis is a common oral health issue characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the gums due to plaque accumulation and bacterial infection. The structure of a tooth includes the crown covered with enamel, underlying dentin, the pulp cavity, and the root covered with cementum which anchors the tooth. Periodontal disease refers to infections that lead to inflammation and tissue damage in these structures. If gingivitis progresses, the inflammation can extend to the periodontal membrane and cementum, resulting in periodontitis.
This can cause gums to recede, forming pockets where bacteria flourish, potentially leading to tooth loss and jaw bone erosion if untreated. A combination of good dental hygiene practices and professional dental cleaning is typically recommended for managing periodontitis, with antibiotics prescribed in severe cases.