Final answer:
Dental caries is the decay of the tooth's enamel leading to further complications if untreated. It is caused primarily by the bacteria Streptococcus mutans, which produce acids that break down tooth minerals. Treatment includes fillings and root canals, and prevention is crucial.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dental caries is a gradual decay of the tooth's enamel that can lead to deeper, more serious infection. Over time, if dental caries are not treated, the decay can penetrate the outer enamel and reach the underlying dentin, and in more severe cases, even the pulp of the tooth. This can lead to an abscess and potentially spread the infection to the bloodstream.
The development of cavities, or dental caries, is caused by bacteria, primarily Streptococcus mutans, which feed on sugars in the mouth and produce acids. These acids degrade the enamel, despite it being the hardest substance in the body. The production of organic acids, like lactic acid, leads to mineral dissolution of the teeth, which can be exacerbated if the biofilm known as plaque hardens into tartar or dental calculus.
Preventive measures, such as maintaining oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups, can help detect and treat dental caries before they escalate. In cases where the decay has reached a significant level, dental procedures such as fillings and root canals may be necessary to prevent further damage and infection.