Final answer:
Sulfisoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect. Nurses must monitor for allergic reactions and educate about potential photosensitivity, while considering special populations like pregnant women. Distinguishing sulfonamides from other sulfur compounds is also essential.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) falls under the category of sulfonamides, which are synthetic antibiotics inhibiting folic acid synthesis in bacteria, leading to a bacteriostatic effect. Due to the differences in folic acid metabolism between humans and bacteria, these drugs are selectively toxic to bacteria, reducing the risk to humans. However, nurses should be aware of the potential for allergic reactions to sulfa drugs, which are fairly common.
Nursing considerations include monitoring for signs of hypersensitivity and other adverse effects, ensuring hydration to prevent crystalluria, and educating patients about the risk of sunlight exposure possibly leading to photosensitivity reactions. It is crucial to differentiate between sulfonamides and other sulfur-containing compounds like sulfates and sulfites, which do not cause the same hypersensitive reactions. Moreover, sulfonamides should be used with caution in special populations, such as in pregnant women or those with kidney dysfunction.
It is also important for nursing staff to be aware of sulfonamide resistance mechanisms and the indications for therapy with sulfisoxazole, as part of the management strategies for infections cause by susceptible organisms.