Final answer:
Gender Dysphoria, previously known as Gender Identity Disorder, refers to a condition identified in the DSM-5 that represents a discrepancy between an individual's assigned and identified gender. This is not to be confused with disorders of sex development, which involve the physical development of reproductive organs and structures. Ethical debates surround the use of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) for sex selection, with differing regulations across countries.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding GD without Disorder of Sex Development
In the context of medical biology, 'GD' often refers to Gender Dysphoria, which is a condition identified in the DSM-5 where there is a marked discrepancy between one's experienced/expressed gender and the gender they were assigned at birth. This term evolved from 'Gender Identity Disorder' as outlined in DSM-IV to reduce the stigma by avoiding the implication of 'disorder'. It's important to highlight that Gender Dysphoria is separate from disorders of sex development, which are medical conditions involving atypical development of physical sex characteristics.
Furthermore, the process of sexual differentiation in the embryo and fetus typically occurs during weeks 9-12, leading to the development of either male or female reproductive organs. The presence or absence of the Y chromosome typically dictates this development. However, nondisjunction events during meiosis can lead to chromosomal intersex conditions such as XXY or XYY.
In the realm of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), ethical dilemmas arise when it is used for sex selection. Some countries ban the use of PGD for sex selection unless it's to prevent sex-linked diseases. Others have different approaches, with varying degrees of regulation.