Question

causes of elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure includes: fluid overlaod; left ventricular failure; myocardial ischemia; mitral stenosis; and cardiac tamponade

Answer 1

Elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure can be caused by fluid overload, left ventricular failure, myocardial ischemia, mitral stenosis, and cardiac tamponade. These conditions lead to increased pressure in the pulmonary capillaries and result in fluid backup in lung tissues. In infants, a patent ductus arteriosus can also contribute to increased pulmonary pressure and related symptoms.

Step-by-step explanation:

The causes of elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) include several cardiovascular conditions that lead to the accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary capillaries. Fluid overload, left ventricular failure, myocardial ischemia, mitral stenosis, and cardiac tamponade are among the factors that can increase PAWP.

Left ventricular failure can lead to pulmonary edema, where the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently causes a backup of fluid in the lungs. Similarly, myocardial ischemia can reduce the heart's efficiency, leading to a rise in left atrial and subsequently pulmonary pressures, contributing to increased PAWP. Mitral stenosis impedes blood flow from the lungs to the left atrium, causing a buildup of pressure. Finally, cardiac tamponade adds external pressure to the heart, impacting its normal function and leading to fluid backup.

In the context of patent ductus arteriosus in infants, this congenital condition can also lead to increased blood flow toward the lungs and heightened pulmonary pressure, potentially resulting in respiratory difficulties and an elevated PAWP if left untreated.

Answer 2

Elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure can be caused by various factors such as fluid overload, left ventricular failure, myocardial ischemia, mitral stenosis, and cardiac tamponade. These conditions can lead to increased pressure in the pulmonary capillaries and may interfere with the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

Step-by-step explanation:

Elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure can be caused by several factors including fluid overload, left ventricular failure, myocardial ischemia, mitral stenosis, and cardiac tamponade.

Fluid overload occurs when there is an excessive amount of fluid in the body, which can increase the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries. This can happen due to conditions like heart failure or kidney failure.

Left ventricular failure refers to the inability of the left ventricle of the heart to pump sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. This can lead to a backup of blood in the pulmonary circulation and an increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure.

Myocardial ischemia is a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. When the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients, it can lead to an increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure.

Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. This narrowing can cause a backup of blood in the left atrium and an increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure.

Cardiac tamponade occurs when there is excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, which surrounds the heart. This can put pressure on the heart and interfere with its ability to function properly, leading to an increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure.