Final answer:
The menisci are C-shaped fibrocartilage structures found in the knee joint between the femoral and tibial condyles. They enhance joint congruity and act as shock absorbers, but have areas with poor blood supply which can result in slow healing if injured.
Step-by-step explanation:
The menisci are C-shaped fibrocartilage structures located on the articular surface of the knee joint, specifically between the femoral and tibial condyles. Their primary functions include improving congruency between the articulating bones and assisting in shock absorption. The menisci consists of the medial meniscus, which is more anchored and displays less movement due to its attachments to the articular capsule and tibial collateral ligament, and the lateral meniscus, which is slightly more mobile.
The menisci help fill the gap between the round femoral condyles and the flatter tibial condyles, providing necessary padding and cushioning. This is significant as they facilitate smooth knee movements and reduce the risk of bone-on-bone contact, which can lead to joint damage. However, parts of the menisci may have poor blood supply, making them more susceptible to injury and resulting in compromised healing.
These structures are surrounded and supported by various ligaments, including the extrinsic tibial collateral ligament, fibular collateral ligament, and the intracapsular anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. These ligaments work together with the menisci to ensure the knee joint functions effectively, by stabilizing the joint and preventing excessive movement that could lead to injury.
The integration of articular cartilage, which also plays a role in reducing friction and absorbing shock, further complements the menisci in maintaining the integrity and resilience of the knee joint.