Final answer:
The parietal peritoneum lines the internal surface of the abdominal wall and is part of the broader peritoneum that supports and holds the abdominal organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parietal peritoneum is one part of the broader peritoneum, which is a serous membranous sac composed of squamous epithelial tissue supported by connective tissue. The specific function of the parietal peritoneum is to line the internal surface of the abdominal wall. This lining helps to support the abdominal organs and structures within the abdominal cavity. In contrast, the visceral peritoneum is the part that directly envelopes the abdominal organs. Between the parietal and visceral peritoneum lies the peritoneal cavity, which contains a small amount of fluid that serves as a lubricant to reduce friction between the moving serosal surfaces. The peritoneum plays a critical role in the structural integrity and functionality of the abdominal cavity. Additionally, certain organs are considered retroperitoneal, which means they are posterior to the peritoneum, lying between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal wall.