Final answer:
Lithotripsy is the medical procedure used to crush renal calculi or kidney stones, allowing them to be passed through the urinary tract. It uses high-intensity ultrasound pulses to fragment the stones, with other treatments including stent placement or surgery if necessary. The term 'neurotrophy' in the question is incorrect; the correct term is lithotripsy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treatment to crush calculi in the bladder so that they may be passed harmlessly out of the body is called lithotripsy, not neurotrophy. Lithotripsy is a medical procedure in which high-intensity ultrasound pulses are applied externally to cause fragmentation of the renal calculi. If a stone causes a blockage, an alternative to lithotripsy could be the insertion of a stent into the ureter to allow both urine and the stone to pass, or in severe cases, surgery might be required for stone removal.
Renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, are solid crystals formed in the kidney from minerals present in the urine. Small stones may often pass through the urinary tract without symptoms, but larger stones can cause significant pain by obstructing the ureter, potentially leading to decreased kidney function and damage. The onset of renal colic, characterized by severe flank, lower abdomen, and groin pain, is often associated with larger stones, along with symptoms such as nausea and hematuria.
Catching passed stones at home for analysis by a healthcare professional can help determine the cause of the stone's formation and guide future preventive efforts. Medications may be prescribed depending on the cause of stone formation, and lifestyle modifications are often recommended to prevent future stone development.