Final answer:
Diabetes is a non-infectious disease that affects the body's ability to control blood sugar levels. It can be caused by either insufficient production of insulin or cells becoming resistant to insulin. When diabetes disrupts metabolism, it can lead to the accumulation of glucose in the blood, resulting in various symptoms and complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetes is a non-infectious disease that affects the body's ability to control blood sugar levels. It can be caused by either insufficient production of insulin or cells becoming resistant to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells take up sugar from the blood. When there is not enough insulin or cells do not respond to it, blood sugar levels become high, leading to various symptoms like frequent urination, excessive thirst, and damage to blood vessels and other cells in the body.
In type 2 diabetes, the cells of the body become less sensitive to insulin, leading to insulin resistance. This often occurs due to factors like being overweight or having high blood pressure. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for about 90% of all cases.
When diabetes disrupts metabolism, it can lead to the accumulation of glucose in the blood. When there is a lack of glucose in muscles, fatty acids are oxidized to meet the energy needs, resulting in the production of ketone bodies. Accumulation of ketone bodies can cause ketoacidosis, which affects the pH of blood plasma and triggers increased urination and dehydration.