Final answer:
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by HPV infection with various risk factors such as unprotected sex and smoking. Pap smears and the HPV vaccine are crucial in reducing the incidence and mortality of the disease. Effective treatment is more likely with early detection through regular screenings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cervical cancer arises from the transformation of normal cervical cells into cancerous cells, predominantly due to infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). In terms of global prevalence, cervical cancer ranks high among causes of cancer deaths, particularly in countries with limited access to screening and vaccination.
Key risk factors for cervical cancer include unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, early onset of sexual activity, not receiving the HPV vaccine, smoking, and a compromised immune system. Smoking, in particular, doubles the risk of developing the disease. Preventative measures such as Pap smears and the HPV vaccine significantly decrease the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer.
Diagnosis commonly involves a Pap smear, and if needed, a biopsy. Early detection through these methods leads to more effective treatment, which may include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.