Final answer:
The common law system uses an inductive approach to draw general legal principles from specific cases, contrasting with code law systems that rely on detailed statutes. Common law has been shaped by historical principles, such as those influenced by Sir William Blackstone, and allows for a significant interpretative role for judges.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common law relies on an inductive method of reasoning rather than a deductive one. It does not start with universally accepted truths of logical and consistent validity. Instead, it observes specific instances and draws generalizations from them.
This system contrasts with a code law system, where laws are very detailed and judges have less interpretative power. In common law, which comes from historical precedents and judicial decisions, judges have a key role in shaping the law through their rulings and interpretations.
Common law is influenced by historical figures such as Sir William Blackstone, who emphasized principles like presumed innocence and introduced the axiom "Better ten guilty men escape than one innocent man suffer," known as Blackstone's Formulation. This foundational concept continues to influence the modern legal system, particularly in the United States, where the common law tradition is deeply embedded.
Inductive reasoning in common law may look at specific cases to form broader legal principles, whereas deductive reasoning would apply general principles to reach conclusions about specific cases. Common law's inductive approach values the adapting and evolving nature of law, reflecting a need to address the particularities of each case.