Final answer:
Article III of the United States Constitution establishes the Judicial Branch and vests judicial power in the Supreme Court, allowing Congress to create inferior courts and determine the structure of the federal judiciary.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage in question references Article III of the United States Constitution, which establishes the Judicial Branch, including the Supreme Court as the highest court in the United States.
This article dictates that the judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court. Moreover, Article III provides Congress with the authority to create inferior courts and outlines the tenure and compensation of the judges on these courts.
Article III is significant as it also offers Congress the flexibility to determine the structure of the federal judiciary. Not only does it establish the Supreme Court, but it also allows Congress to decide on the number of justices as well as the existence of lower federal courts, which has changed over time since the Constitution was ratified.
The importance of the Supreme Court is further highlighted by the landmark decisions it makes, setting legal precedents that have shaped civil liberties and civil rights in the country.