Final answer:
Signs of immediate delivery include regular, intense contractions, full cervical dilation, and crowning of the baby's head. Oxytocin initiates labor. Healthcare providers assess readiness for delivery by asking about contractions, amniotic sac status, and observing behavioral and physical signs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immediate delivery of a newborn is likely when a mother experiences regular, strong contractions, a fully dilated cervix (typically 10 cm), and when the baby’s head has descended into the birth canal (crowning). In assessing for these, you would ask the mother about the frequency and intensity of contractions, and during a physical exam, you would check for cervical dilation and effacement. Visualization is crucial to confirm the baby's position and the presence of crowning. When observing the newborn, signs such as a strong cry, good muscle tone, active movement, and a healthy skin color indicate a well-transitioning baby. The Apgar score, assessed immediately after birth, evaluates the baby's heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex response, and color.
The hormone secreted at the start of labor is oxytocin, which initiates uterine contractions leading to cervical dilation. Active labor is signaled by stronger contractions that are more regular, typically lasting 45-60 seconds at intervals of 3-5 minutes. During the pushing stage, the mother's effort, along with uterine contractions, facilitates the expulsion of the baby.
To assess a mother's readiness for delivery, a healthcare professional can ask questions regarding the timing of contractions, presence of any fluid leakage that might indicate the amniotic sac rupture, and pain intensity. When a delivery is near, there is often an observable change in the mother's behavior due to increased pain and pressure. By combining verbal history with clinical signs and visual examinations, healthcare professionals can help ensure safe delivery for both the mother and newborn.