Final answer:
Title IV, through the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002, mandated testing in grades 3-8 for reading and math, set goals for adequate yearly progress, and sanctioned schools failing to meet these goals with corrective actions or restructuring. It also enhanced parental choice for low-income families but faced implementation challenges.
Step-by-step explanation:
Title IV introduced several measures to enforce its ruling on education. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2002, which amended the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, introduced a significant accountability framework for public schools in the United States. Under this framework, all public schools and students became part of these accountability systems, with annual testing in reading and math for students in grades 3 through 8. This testing system was aimed at measuring and improving student performance in these subjects.
If schools failed to make adequate yearly progress (AYP) toward preset goals, they were labeled 'in need of improvement' and could face corrective actions or restructuring. Such measures included changes to curricula and staff. In extreme cases, if improvements were not made, schools could face closure. Additionally, parent choice was increased as low-income parents were allowed to use federal funding to pay for their children's tuition at better-performing schools within the district.
Despite these ambitious goals, the implementation did face challenges. For example, reports have indicated that schools reported high graduation rates and pushed out low achievers to keep up test scores and that there was a shortfall in adequately qualified teachers. Furthermore, a significant number of students eligible for free tutoring did not receive it, highlighting issues with the enforcement and effectiveness of the law's provisions.