Final answer:
Tulving and Pearlstone's experiment in 1966 examined how category cues aid memory recall, demonstrating better recall with such cues compared to free recall. Related studies, like Craik and Tulving in 1975, expanded on these ideas by exploring the effect of depth of encoding on memory retention.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study by Tulving and Pearlstone conducted in 1966 involved a procedure to investigate how categorical cues impact memory recall.
In this experiment, subjects were given lists of words that were categorically organized, such as animal names, professions, and types of fruit.
After learning the lists, participants were asked to recall the words.
Two conditions were tested: a 'free-recall' condition, where participants had to remember the words on their own, and a 'cued-recall' condition, where they were given the category names as cues to help them remember the words.
The results indicated that memory recall was significantly improved with the presence of categorical cues.
Related research by Craik and Tulving in 1975 focused on the depth of processing and its effect on memory retention.
They introduced the concept of levels of encoding, with deeper, semantic processing leading to better retention of verbal information.
This line of inquiry helps illustrate the importance of meaning and depth of processing in the strength of memory.