Final answer:
The appropriate intervention when a client reports abdominal cramping during an enema is to lower the enema fluid container. This reduces the fluid pressure and may alleviate cramping. Holding a breath, discontinuing the enema, or only reassuring the client are not the first actions to be taken.
Step-by-step explanation:
While administering a cleansing enema, if the client reports abdominal cramping, the appropriate intervention is to lower the enema fluid container. This action decreases the pressure of the fluid entering the colon, thus reducing the intensity of cramping. It is important not to dismiss the client's discomfort; empathy should be shown while ensuring safe and effective treatment. Abruptly discontinuing the fluid instillation can be considered if cramping does not subside with lowering the enema container or if the client's discomfort becomes severe.
Javier’s case is an example of a patient who may have developed a Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection, likely due to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which can disrupt normal gut flora and allow for the overgrowth of this pathogen. A NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test) is often used to diagnose a C. difficile infection, which is in line with Javier's symptoms of cramping, watery diarrhea, and the presence of blood in his stool.
Overall, it is crucial to monitor the patient’s response during an enema and adjust the procedure accordingly to prioritize patient comfort and safety.