Final answer:
Hyland's discussion on policy advocacy delves into the strategies and motivations of policy advocates, the influence of media as a gatekeeper, and the complexity of power distribution in shaping public policy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hyland's (2002) seminal discussion on advocacy revolves around the concept of policy advocates and their roles in shaping public policies, such as those included in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). It is hotly debated whether there is a true balance of power between the political sphere and the public, primarily with respect to the media's influence as a gatekeeper in framing public policy issues. The discussion touches upon the dynamics of advocacy, power distribution, and the legal system's handling of corporate accountability, as highlighted by anthropologist Katherine Verdery's work and other scholars like Nader.
One key aspect of policy advocacy is that advocates possess a normative position on issues, suggesting they have strong convictions about what should or ought to be done to achieve a certain public policy outcome. This approach is seen in how private citizens and professional lobbyists alike use facts, evidence, and analysis to persuade and effect change. Additionally, the exploration of advocacy strategies suggests the need for advocates to engage with those affected by the issues to provide pragmatic and helpful solutions.
In summary, the discussion on policy advocacy is intertwined with the understanding of media power, proposed policy changes, and the pursuit of societal and legal justice within the context of American policy and legal systems.