Final answer:
The most severe type of spina bifida is called myelomeningocele, characterized by protrusion of both meninges and spinal nerves, resulting in substantial neurological issues such as paralysis. Surgical intervention is necessary to minimize damage, and intake of folate during pregnancy can help in reducing the risk of such defects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most serious type of spina bifida, which can cause partial or complete paralysis below the opening, is myelomeningocele. In cases of spina bifida, a birth defect of the spinal cord, the neural tube fails to close completely during embryonic development. This can result in the protrusion of meninges and neural tissue through the vertebral column. Myelomeningocele is the most severe form because it involves both meninges and nerve tissue, often leading to significant neurological impairments such as paralysis.
Medical intervention, typically surgery, is essential to close the defect and possibly reduce the extent of neurological damage. While surgical intervention does not always reverse neurological damage completely, it can help manage symptoms and prevent further complications. Preventive measures are also crucial, as studies have shown that intake of folate (a B vitamin) during pregnancy can reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects considerably.