Final answer:
When blood glucose levels become higher than normal (hyperglycemia), it indicates a condition that can lead to diabetes mellitus. Symptoms like frequent urination (glucosuria) can occur, and long-term complications such as ketoacidosis and cardiovascular problems may arise. Management involves monitoring blood sugar, diet, exercise, and possibly medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hyperglycemia and Its Effects on the Body
When a patient's blood glucose level is above the normal range, which is typically about 70 to 130 mg/dL, the condition is known as hyperglycemia. This elevation can result from several factors such as excessive carbohydrate consumption, stress, illness, or due to insufficient insulin in the body. Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, where either the insulin produced is inadequate, or the body's cells are resistant to its effects. A fasting blood glucose above 125 mg/dL often leads to a diagnosis of diabetes. Patients may experience frequent urination (glucosuria) as the kidneys attempt to excrete excess glucose, which occurs when levels exceed the renal threshold (approximately 180 mg/100 ml). In uncontrolled diabetes, this can lead to serious complications including ketoacidosis, nerve damage, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Management of diabetes typically includes monitoring of blood glucose levels, adherence to a healthy diet, regular exercise, and possibly medication or insulin therapy to control blood sugar. Regular blood-sugar testing can help manage and prevent the long-term complications associated with diabetes. My Human Body features, including the pancreas and liver, play a critical role in the regulation of glucose levels via hormones like insulin and glucagon.