Final Answer:
Phenytoin, commonly known as Dilantin, is an anticonvulsant drug primarily used to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures.
Explanation:
Phenytoin, a hydantoin derivative, was first synthesized in 1910 and approved for medical use in the 1930s. It is primarily used to control seizures in patients with epilepsy, specifically generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The drug works by stabilizing neuronal membranes, which helps to prevent excessive electrical activity in the brain that can lead to seizures.
Phenytoin is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and injectable solutions. The recommended starting dose for adults is typically 100 mg per day, which can be gradually increased based on the individual’s response and tolerance. The drug is often titrated up to a maintenance dose of 300-400 mg per day, divided into two or three doses.
In addition to its anticonvulsant properties, phenytoin has been studied for its potential use in treating other conditions such as bipolar disorder and neuropathic pain. However, more research is needed to confirm its efficacy in these areas.