Final answer:
Hemopoiesis is the process where hematopoietic stem cells in red bone marrow differentiate to become all formed elements of blood, guided by hemopoietic growth factors. Myeloid stem cells are a type of hematopoietic stem cell that give rise to multiple blood components. Extramedullary hemopoiesis can occur in the liver and spleen if bone marrow is compromised.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process known as hemopoiesis begins in the red bone marrow where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), or hemocytoblasts, give rise to all formed elements of blood. These stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into multiple types of cells within the body, albeit with some restrictions as compared to the totipotent stem cells that can give rise to any cell type.
When hematopoietic stem cells divide, one of the resulting daughter cells remains a stem cell, ensuring the continuity of hemopoiesis. The other daughter cell, under the influence of hemopoietic growth factors, may become a myeloid stem cell. Myeloid stem cells further differentiate into a variety of formed elements, including erythrocytes (red blood cells), megakaryocytes (which produce platelets), and a myeloblast lineage that leads to various granular leukocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
In cases where bone marrow functionality is compromised, as in bone cancer, extramedullary hemopoiesis takes place in organs such as the liver and spleen to maintain the production of formed elements.