Final answer:
The earliest form of amphetamine was a synthetic form of phenethylamine. Benzedrine was the first pharmaceutical amphetamine, and amphetamines act by blocking the dopamine reuptake in the brain. They are used both medically and recreationally but have a high potential for abuse.
Step-by-step explanation:
The earliest form of amphetamine was a synthetic form of phenethylamine. Amphetamines are known for their central nervous system (CNS) stimulating properties, and are used medically for conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. The chemical structure of phenethylamine serves as the backbone for various amphetamine derivatives, including methamphetamine and MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly), which are potent psychostimulants with both therapeutic and recreational uses.
Benzedrine was the first pharmaceutical amphetamine made available and had a range of effects, such as increased arousal, cognitive control, and muscle strength at therapeutic doses. However, these substances also carry risks of side effects, and higher dosages can impair cognitive function and cause severe health issues including dependence, especially with repeated recreational use.
Amphetamines, like cocaine, act by blocking the reuptake of dopamine in the brain, which increases neurotransmitter activity in areas associated with impulse control such as the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Despite their medicinal value, amphetamines have a high potential for abuse, and thus, their distribution is strictly regulated.