Final answer:
Contractility refers to the force of heart muscle contraction, positive inotropic factors increase contractility and negative inotropic factors decrease it. Anatomical terms consist of roots, prefixes, and suffixes, and the P wave represents atrial depolarization on an electrocardiogram.
Step-by-step explanation:
Contractility refers to the force of the contraction of the heart muscle, which controls the stroke volume (SV) and impacts end-systolic volume (ESV). Positive inotropic factors increase contractility, resulting in stronger contractions, greater SV, and smaller ESV. Negative inotropic factors decrease contractility, leading to weaker contractions, smaller SV, and larger ESV.
Anatomical terms consist of roots, prefixes, and suffixes. The root often refers to an organ or tissue, while the prefix or suffix describes it. For example, "hyper" means "high" or "over," and "tension" means "pressure," so "hypertension" refers to abnormally high blood pressure.
The P wave on an electrocardiogram represents atrial depolarization, and the pacemaker is a cluster of specialized cells called the SA node that initiates the sinus rhythm.