Final answer:
(b) Accommodation is the process by which the eye adjusts its focal length to focus on objects at different distances, impacting clarity for both near and far objects. In myopia, distant objects appear blurred; in hyperopia, near objects are unclear, both corrected by specific types of lenses. This mechanism is essential for clear vision across varying distances.
Step-by-step explanation:
Accommodation is the process of the eyes making adjustments for seeing at various distances. The process involves the eye changing its focal length to focus light on the retina whether looking at near or far objects. For example, for close vision, the ciliary muscles contract, and the lens becomes more rounded, increasing its power. Conversely, for distant vision, the muscles relax, and the lens flattens, resulting in reduced power and ensuring that distant images are focused properly on the retina.
The conditions of nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia) are related to issues with focusing light precisely on the retina, which leads to blurred vision for either distant or near objects, respectively. Myopia occurs when images of distant objects are focused in front of the retina, causing them to appear blurred, which is corrected with a diverging lens, while hyperopia is when close objects are not focused correctly on the retina, and is corrected with a converging lens.
Understanding accommodation helps in comprehending how corrective lenses function by altering the effective focal length of the eye's lens, thus allowing a person to see images at distances within their range of clear vision, between their near and far points.