Final answer:
Squamous epithelium facilitates diffusion and provides protection where needed, while cuboidal and columnar epithelium specializes in secretion and absorption, with ciliated columnar epithelium also helping to remove particulate matter.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functional Differences Between Squamous and Cuboidal/Columnar Epithelium
Squamous epithelial cells are flat, round, and have a centrally located nucleus. They fit closely together to form a smooth, low-friction lining over tissues. The simple squamous epithelium, as seen in the lungs or blood capillaries, is specialized for efficient diffusion and filtration. On the other hand, when these cells are stratified, as in the skin, mouth, and vagina, they provide protection from abrasion and outside damage.
Cuboidal and columnar epithelia are more active in the processes of absorption and secretion. Simple cuboidal epithelial cells are cube-shaped and commonly found in glandular tissues and in the ducts of the kidney and liver where they secrete or absorb substances. Columnar epithelial cells, taller than they are wide, form the lining of the digestive system and some parts of the reproductive tract, often involved in absorptive and secretory functions. Additionally, ciliated columnar epithelial cells, with cilia on their surfaces, aid in moving particles along internal passageways, such as in the fallopian tubes and parts of the respiratory system.