Final answer:
The standard used to challenge regulations is the rational basis test. This test requires those challenging the law or action to demonstrate that there is no good reason for treating them differently from other citizens. It is used in various contexts such as discrimination cases, land-use regulations, and religious freedom cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about the standard used to challenge regulations that may be considered arbitrary, capricious, or in violation of the law. This standard is known as the rational basis test. Under the rational basis test, the burden of proof is on those challenging the law or action to demonstrate that there is no good reason for treating them differently from other citizens. The courts apply this standard to determine whether a regulation is contrary to law or so irrational that it is not arbitrary and capricious.
The rational basis test is used in various contexts, such as discrimination cases, land-use regulations, and religious freedom cases. In discrimination cases, the courts will generally decide that a discriminatory practice is allowed as long as there is a reason for treating some people differently that is rationally related to a legitimate government interest. In land-use regulations, the question is how far these regulations may go without running into constitutional issues. In religious freedom cases, the government must meet two criteria to limit or burden a religious practice: demonstrate a compelling governmental interest and show that the restriction is narrowly tailored.
Overall, the rational basis test is a standard used by the courts to determine the legality and rationality of regulations or actions, considering factors such as legality, appropriateness, evidence, and discrimination.