Final answer:
The anterior process on top of the ramus in the mandible is the flattened coronoid process, which allows for muscle attachment, while the posterior process is the condylar process topped by the condyle, forming the temporomandibular joint.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anterior process on top of the ramus mentioned in the question refers to the coronoid process of the mandible. This is a flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus and it provides an attachment point for one of the muscles involved in mastication, or chewing.
On the other hand, the posterior process on top of the ramus is called the condylar process of the mandible, which is a thickened upward projection with an oval-shaped condyle on top. The condyle articulates with the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone, creating the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which allows for the opening and closing of the mouth.