Final answer:
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system shunts blood from organs to the muscles using increased heart rate and contractility, as well as vasoconstriction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system uses several mechanisms to shunt blood from organs to the muscles. These mechanisms include:
- Increased heart rate and contractility: When the sympathetic system is activated, it increases the heart rate and the force of contraction, which leads to increased blood flow to the muscles.
- Vasoconstriction: The sympathetic system causes the blood vessels in non-essential organs (such as the digestive system) to constrict, redirecting blood flow towards the muscles.