Final answer:
Privacy is the condition of being free from observation or disruption, essential in research and as a civil liberty.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition of being free from observation or disruption by other people is known as privacy. This concept is crucial in research, as well as in our daily lives, where individuals have the right to be let alone.
In research settings, like naturalistic observation, scientists aim to be unobtrusive to avoid influencing participants' behaviors. Similarly, in civil society, privacy is regarded as a fundamental aspect of civil liberty, entitling individuals to be free from interference in thought, speech, and actions.