Final answer:
Human morality is a ubiquitous phenomenon necessary for social living and is observed in all cultures. Morals may be rooted in religious beliefs, inner conscience, or biological survival strategies. Moral theories serve to provide frameworks for ethical behavior and decision-making, even across diverse cultural perspectives.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reasons for Morality
Among human beings, evidence of moral codes can be observed wherever culture exists. These morals are essential for the functioning of human communities and are necessary to facilitate social interactions, as humans are inherently social beings. Language is a social creation that supports this notion, implying the requirement of a behavioral code for effective group living.
Moral Foundations
Historically, many have attributed moral codes to a concept of the divine. Others, however, locate the foundation of morality in the conscience or innate sense of right and wrong within individuals. Yet, one could also argue that ethical behavior is biologically driven, as moral actions promote social cooperation and enhance the chances of survival.
Guidance from Moral Theories
A moral theory is meant to provide a comprehensible framework for making ethical decisions and justifying moral claims. These theories explore various foundations for morality, including divine command, rationality, laws, and the intrinsic nature of humans.
Universality of Morality
Despite the differing views on morality across societies, it is possible that a universally accepted concept of the good exists, supported by our shared human capacity for rationality and empathy.