Final answer:
The first step in managing a case where a 3-year-old child is unresponsive and not breathing is to activate 9-1-1. If trained, begin CPR immediately after calling for emergency assistance. Seek immediate medical help and follow their guidance for further action.
Step-by-step explanation:
If you find a 3-year-old child who is unresponsive, not breathing, and appearing blue, the first step in managing this case is c. Activate 9-1-1. This is because the child needs immediate medical attention, and activating the emergency response system is critical before starting any other intervention. Time is of the essence in such situations as brain damage and even death can occur within minutes due to lack of oxygen.
Once 9-1-1 is activated, you should assess the situation. If you are trained in providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), you should begin to administer it immediately, following the current standards which call for chest compressions of at least 5 cm deep and at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. However, if you suspect the child may be choking, look for signs such as inability to speak or cry out, labored breathing, or clutching at the throat before initiating CPR, as the approach for a choking victim is different.
In any case of emergency where you are uncertain of the proper steps or if you are not trained in emergency procedures, it is vital to seek help immediately. Once the child is in the care of medical professionals, they can provide the necessary interventions, which may include methods to ensure airway clearance or use of resuscitation equipment.