Final answer:
All options listed are ways that drugs can be excreted from the body including directly in the feces, in liver bile, in mother's milk, and through the lungs, involving processes such as glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : e
Drugs can indeed be excreted directly in the feces, through liver bile, in mother's milk, and through the lungs. The primary routes by which drugs are eliminated involve processes like glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption. Small, water-soluble drugs can be excreted via the urine after being filtered by the glomerulus in the kidneys. Larger drugs or those that are bound to plasma proteins are typically not filtered as efficiently. Some drugs are excreted in bile by the liver and may enter the gastrointestinal tract, potentially being eliminated in the feces.
Furthermore, drugs can be exhaled through the lungs, especially volatile substances like anesthetics. They can also be excreted in sweat through the skin or in mother's milk. These various mechanisms ensure that drugs and their metabolites are cleared from the body. On the other hand, large drug molecules that are bound to plasma proteins cannot be filtered and are not readily eliminated. These drugs may be excreted through the liver in the bile and then eliminated in the feces. All of these are ways in which drugs are excreted from the body except through the lungs.