Final answer:
Flotsam refers to objects accidentally lost at sea, while jetsam refers to items intentionally discarded at sea. These terms have origins in maritime law and their presence in the ocean can have dire consequences for wildlife and ecosystems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The words that appropriately fill in the blanks are "flotsam" and "jetsam". Flotsam are floating objects that are accidentally lost at sea, often as a result of shipwrecks or accidents. Jetsam, on the other hand, refers to items that are deliberately thrown overboard from a ship and left to float; this is usually done to lighten the ship's load in times of distress or to ensure the safety of those on board.
The distinction between flotsam and jetsam has legal implications as well. Items categorized as flotsam may be claimed by their original owners upon recovery, whereas jetsam may be claimed by the finders, depending on local laws. Flotsam and jetsam are terms that originate from maritime law and reflect human interactions with the marine environment.
Marine pollution caused by both flotsam and jetsam has significant consequences for marine ecosystems and wildlife. Discarded waste, such as plastic debris, can entangle and harm sea creatures, disrupt habitats, and introduce hazardous materials into the ocean. Moreover, when flotsam includes debris from maritime disasters, it can spread invasive species or act as floating rafts that transport organisms across oceans, potentially unbalancing local ecosystems.