Final answer:
True, allergies and autoimmune diseases are both due to an over-active immune system. False, a positive correlation does not imply health benefits. Medical professionals use signs and symptoms for diagnosis but may need further testing due to many diseases presenting similarly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Question 14 is true: Allergies and autoimmune diseases both result from an over-reactive immune system. In the case of allergies, the immune system excessively reacts to foreign substances that are typically not harmful.
With autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Both conditions involve an inappropriate immune response that exceeds the normal range necessary for protection.
Question 6 is false: A positive correlation does not necessarily mean there are health benefits to the variable under investigation. It simply means that as one variable increases, so does the other. This could be beneficial, detrimental, or neutral in terms of health outcomes, depending on the specific variables in question.
Additionally, the direct contact route of pathogen transmission, as suggested in the review question, does require skin-to-skin contact. Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens, like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Examples of human diseases caused by each type of pathogen include streptococcal sore throat (bacteria), influenza (virus), athlete's foot (fungus), and malaria (parasite). A pathogen can trigger an epidemic, pandemic, or endemic depending on its spread and impact.
Medical professionals utilize signs and symptoms to diagnose diseases but often require direct and indirect diagnostic methods to accurately identify the cause due to symptom similarities among different diseases.