Final answer:
The non-stress test (NST) is used to monitor the fetal heart rate in response to movement, indicating fetal well-being. The information provided about the Apgar score, involving skin color, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration, pertains to newborn assessments after birth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The non-stress test (NST) is a common prenatal test used to assess fetal well-being, particularly in pregnancies with certain risk factors such as gestational diabetes. In the NST, the fetus's heart rate is monitored to see how it responds to the fetus's movements. When the fetus moves, it is normal to see the heart rate increase, known as a 'reactive' NST. A heart rate of 144 beats/minute can be considered normal if it shows appropriate increases with movement.
During the NST, the heart rate, skin color, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration may also be observed as these factors are involved in determining the baby's Apgar score at birth. The Apgar score is a quick test to evaluate a newborn's physical condition and determine any immediate need for extra medical or emergency care.
A fetal monitor strip resulting from an NST will be evaluated for increases in fetal heart rate due to movement. In general, the heart rate should go up by at least 15 beats per minute for at least 15 seconds within a 20-minute window, twice. These increases are known as 'accelerations.' The absence of such accelerations or a non-reactive NST may suggest the fetus is not getting enough oxygen or has some other issue, requiring further evaluation and medical attention.
The criteria mentioned, such as the Apgar score assessment involving the skin color, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration, are used post-delivery to assess a newborn's immediate health status and not during the non-stress test.