Final answer:
In type 2 diabetes, high blood sugar occurs because the body's cells become resistant to insulin, and the pancreas may also produce less insulin. Environmental and genetic factors contribute to this condition. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes insulin injections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, through a mechanism involving both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Normally, insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells by binding to its receptor, which triggers glucose channels to open and allow glucose entry. In type 2 diabetes, despite the presence and attachment of insulin to its receptor on the cell membrane, the connection fails to prompt the necessary response, and glucose channels do not open as they should. Consequently, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream. The liver can further exacerbate the situation by inappropriately releasing stored glucose into the blood, a response triggered by the perception of insufficient intracellular glucose. This physiological mishap is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Management of type 2 diabetes typically involves lifestyle changes such as dietary alterations and increased physical activity to enhance insulin sensitivity and regulate blood glucose levels. Medications that enhance pancreatic function or insulin injections may also be necessary for some individuals to control the condition.