Final answer:
A Class III occlusion, often called an underbite, occurs when the lower jaw and teeth protrude in front of the upper jaw. Identification and treatment require professional dental evaluation and can involve orthodontics or surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Class III occlusion is characterized by the lower jaw projecting further forward than the upper jaw, leading to misalignment where the lower teeth are positioned in front of the upper teeth, often referred to as an underbite.
In more detail, a Class III occlusion, also known as a molar relationship, is a malocclusion where the lower first molar is advanced more towards the front of the mouth compared to the upper first molar. This results in a forward positioning of the lower teeth and jaw, creating an underbite appearance. The severity can vary, ranging from minor to significant malalignment. This malocclusion can cause difficulties in chewing, speech, and may lead to an increased risk of tooth wear and temporomandibular joint disorders. Individuals with Class III occlusion might also have aesthetic concerns due to the protrusion of the lower jaw.
Identification of a Class III occlusion usually involves clinical examination by a dentist or orthodontist, but it can also be observed in x-ray images. Treatment may involve orthodontics, sometimes combined with jaw surgery, depending on the severity of the case and the age of the patient.