Final answer:
An X-ray record of the kidney, such as a renal X-ray, is used by physicians to assess kidney function and diagnose conditions like kidney stones. Renal function can also be evaluated using blood and urine tests, while imaging tests like CT scans provide detailed structural information.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tom's physician reviewed his x-ray, which is a record from an X-ray of the kidney, to assess the function of his kidneys. A renal X-ray helps diagnose conditions such as renal calculi (kidney stones). Kidney stones form when substances like calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus become concentrated in the urine and crystallize. Tom, having had one kidney removed due to a car crash, may not need dialysis if his remaining kidney functions properly, as the human body can function with just one healthy kidney.
Renal function tests are crucial to evaluate the state of kidney health. These tests can be done on both urine and blood samples to assess different parameters of kidney function. For example, urinalysis checks urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic properties, while blood tests may measure serum creatinine to distinguish between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute renal failure (ARF). Additionally, imaging tests such as abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans offer detailed views of the kidneys and help detect any structural abnormalities.
In the event of other symptoms such as flu-like symptoms, physicians may order a chest radiograph or collect sputum samples. Similarly, in cases of unexplained rashes that may relate to an autoimmune response, basic blood tests and urinalysis can lead to further specialist referrals.