Final answer:
Medications that reduce swelling or congestion typically target inflammation, histamine response, or fluid overload in the body; they include diuretics and antihistamines, which can also lower blood pressure and relieve allergic symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medications being referred to are primarily used to reduce swelling or congestion and can also help to lower blood pressure or treat conditions like edema, which involves excess fluid buildup in the body. They are also used in cases of allergic reactions and can be obtained in both over-the-counter and prescription forms. These medications usually work by inhibiting inflammatory molecules, blocking histamine receptors, or affecting other pathways involved in the inflammatory process.
Diuretics are a class of medications that are often prescribed to eliminate or reduce swelling. They help the body expel excess fluid through urination. Antihistamines are used to prevent histamines, which cause itching and swelling, from stimulating body tissues. In the treatment of allergies, other drugs like antileukotrienes and antiprostaglandins may be used alongside antihistamines. These substances can be beneficial for easing symptoms like nasal congestion, sneezing, and runny nose, and are especially useful in treating allergic rhinitis.
It is important to understand that while these medications can relieve symptoms, therapy for conditions like edema focuses on addressing the underlying cause. This may include lifestyle changes such as reducing salt intake, performing exercises to improve blood and lymph circulation, and employing measures like massage and compression therapy.