Final answer:
Emphysema is a chronic, noninfectious lung disease caused by smoking, leading to the destruction of the alveoli walls and reduced gas exchange capacity. It is a form of COPD with symptoms like shortness of breath and chronic cough, and while incurable, treatment options aim to manage symptoms and slow progression.
Step-by-step explanation:
Defining Emphysema
A chronic, noninfectious pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the sizeof alveoli and by destructive changes in their walls is known as emphysema. This lung disease is often caused by tobacco smoking, which leads to the breakdown of connective tissues in the lungs. The walls of the alveoli are destroyed, severely reducing the surface area for gas exchange and causing shortness of breath, chronic cough, and wheezing. The damage to the alveoli is irreversible and significantly affects respiratory function.
Emphysema is a type of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is characterized by chronic poor airflow and other symptoms such as a productive cough. While there is no cure for emphysema, cessation of smoking and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke can slow its progression. Treatments may include supplemental oxygen and inhaled bronchodilators to help alleviate some of the symptoms.