Final answer:
The statement is true, as both deficiency and toxicity of iodine can lead to the development of a goiter. Iodine deficiency results in hypothyroidism symptoms and can be prevented by using iodized salt or adding iodine to water. Iodine toxicity can also cause goiter due to thyroid dysfunction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement is true: both deficiency and toxicity of iodine can lead to the development of a goiter. Dietary iodine deficiency impairs the ability to synthesize thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), leading to an overproduction of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which causes the thyroid gland to enlarge. This condition is known as a goiter. Similarly, excessive intake of iodine (toxicity) can also result in goiter formation due to the disruption in the normal functioning of the thyroid gland.
When a goiter is caused by iodine deficiency, we generally observe symptoms associated with hypothyroidism, which include weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. The lack of T3 and T4 results in the body slowing down its metabolism, leading to these specific symptoms. However, the presence of a goiter itself doesn't always indicate the type of thyroid dysfunction, which requires further medical evaluation.
Prevention of goiter in areas with iodine-deficient soils typically includes the regular use of iodized salt or adding iodine to the drinking water, which has been successful in many parts of the world. This highlights the importance of adequate iodine intake for maintaining thyroid health and preventing disorders associated with it.