Final answer:
An angiogram is an X-ray used to visualize arteries, often highlighting blockages that can lead to myocardial infarction. Angioplasty, involving balloon inflation and stent placement, is a common treatment for occluded arteries. Lifestyle changes and medication are also essential for managing cardiovascular diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
An angiogram is an imaging technique used to visualize the arteries, typically involving the use of a contrast dye. In the context of cardiovascular health, angiograms are critical tools that allow for the assessment of coronary arteries for blockages that could lead to serious conditions such as myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack. When coronary arteries are found to be occluded, a procedure known as angioplasty may be performed.
During angioplasty, a balloon catheter is threaded to the point of occlusion in the artery. Once in position, the balloon inflates to compress the plaque causing the occlusion and widen the artery to improve blood flow. Often, a stent is placed at the site of occlusion to support the artery and prevent re-narrowing.
Lifestyle changes are an essential part of treatment for patients with cardiovascular diseases. These changes can include weight management, quitting smoking, adopting a heart-healthy diet low in sodium and saturated fats, and engaging in regular exercise. Medication may be prescribed to help reduce blood pressure and cholesterol. In more severe cases, surgical interventions such as endarterectomy or coronary bypass surgery might be necessary. It is important to note that an angiogram can differ from other cardiovascular diagnostic tools such as an echocardiogram (ECG), which is an ultrasound of the heart used to evaluate the heart's muscles and valves.