Final answer:
There are two main categories of sterilization processes: dry-heat and moist-heat sterilization. Dry-heat sterilization involves high heat application, while moist-heat sterilization is more effective and penetrates cells better. Sterilization can be achieved through physical or chemical means.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are two main categories of sterilization processes that all instruments must go through: dry-heat sterilization and moist-heat sterilization. Dry-heat sterilization involves the application of high heat, such as incineration at very high temperatures or using a dry-heat sterilizer for a long period of time at high temperatures. Moist-heat sterilization is typically more effective and penetrates cells better. It can be achieved through physical means like exposure to high heat or pressure, or through chemical means using sterilants.