Final answer:
Post-partum changes include uterine contractions for involution, a progression of vaginal discharge called lochia, reduction of pregnancy-related fluid retention, fading stretch marks, and changes in the breast related to lactation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Post-partum physical changes involve a range of physiological adjustments as the body recovers from pregnancy and childbirth. One significant alteration is the involution process, where uterine contractions help the uterus shrink back to its pre-pregnancy size and shape. During this period, a postpartum vaginal discharge, or lochia, occurs which progresses from lochia rubra to lochia serosa, and finally to lochia alba over a few weeks.
Additional post-partum changes include the shedding of extra fluid leading to frequent urination and sweating, modifications in the integumentary system such as the possible lightening of stretch marks and changes in melanin production. Also, breastfeeding mothers will experience changes related to lactation, which can also facilitate the involution of the uterus. It's crucial for healthcare providers to monitor for any retained placental fragments to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.