Final answer:
b) Pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure and increased venous volume due to right ventricular failure are symptoms of congestive heart failure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symptoms of congestive heart failure can be observed in various forms, depending on whether the failure occurs on the left or right side of the heart.
One symptom of left-sided heart failure is b) pulmonary edema, which occurs as a result of left ventricular failure.
When the left ventricle cannot pump out enough blood, pressure builds up in the lungs' blood vessels, causing fluid to leak into the lung tissue.
In contrast, right ventricular failure can cause an increase in pressure in the vena cavae, which can lead to an increase in venous volume, rather than a decrease.
This increased pressure may reduce the blood flow to the lungs, resulting in less oxygenated blood being delivered to the body, and can also cause fluid to accumulate in the body, leading to conditions such as peripheral edema and ascites.